In the
Pliestocene period (4 million years BC), Indonesia was linked with mainland
Asia.
Where were
the first immigrants from? (3000 -- 500 BC) The first immigrants, the
Sub-Mongoloids are from Asia.
What language
was introduced by Prince Aji Caka? Prince Aji Caka introduced the Sanskrit
language and the Pallawa script.
What religion
was spread to Indonesia through Indian migrants? The religion Hindu was spread
to Indonesia through the Indian migrants.
The Period of the Hindu Kingdoms
How long did
this period last? This period lasts from the ancient times to the 16th
century AD.
What was the
other religion that was dominant during this period? The Buddha religion was
dominant during this period.
List the
Indian cultures and customs that were introduced to the archipelago during this
time.
-
Monarchy
government system
-
Literature
-
Music
-
Dances
-
Architecture
and housing
-
Rituals
and religious tradition
-
Ancientry
system
-
Military
troops organization
-
Laborers
division (castes or varnas)
Who is Fa
Hsien? Where was he from and how did he get here? Fa Hsien is a Chinese
Buddhist saint who came from China and got here because he was caught by a
storm and landed on the Java Island or also called as Java-Dwipa.
What did
Ptolemy of Alexandria say of Indonesia? Ptolemy of Alexandria said that
Indonesia have a good governmental system, agriculture, knowledge of astronomy
and navigational skills. He also mentioned batik and metal ware.
Describe
three key points in this era.
1. The first
Indian Buddhists who came to Indonesia was between the 1st and 2nd
centuries AD. From that time on, those people influenced the Buddha religion in
Indonesia. They brought two types of Buddha religion with them, the Hinaya and
the Mahayana.
2. There are
lots of Hindu and Buddha Kingdoms in Indonesia that time. There are Kanto Lim
in South Sumatra, Cailendra in Central Java, Galuh, Kanoman Kuningan and
Pajajaran kingdoms in West Java, Singasari kingdom in East Java, then after
that the Majapahit Kingdom ruled East Java.
3. These
kingdoms also left some influences to Indonesia. Some of them are literary
works, architecture like the Borobudur temple, languages and scriptures.
The Period of Islamic Kingdoms
What
long-ruling kingdom ended because of the powerful spread of Islam among
kingdoms on Java? Majapahit kingdom.
What is Sunda
Kepala? What was it the capital of?
Sunda kelapa is a city and now known as Jakarta. Sunda kelapa was the capital
of the West Java Kingdom of Pajajaran.
The Portuguese in Indonesia
What year did
the Portuguese arrive? 1511 AD.
What religion
did they spread? To what islands did it take hold? They spread the religion of
Christianity to the islands of Minahasa and Moluccas (Maluku).
How, and when
was Timor Island divided? When did the
Portuguese leave the region? On the 20th of April 1859, Timor Island
was divided because each, the Dutch and Portuguese, wants a full power over
their land. That’s why they made a deal to make their land into half, so the
Dutch could own a full power of the half of the country they got and also the
same with the Portuguese. The Portuguese leave the region in 1975.
Dutch Colonialism
What was the
VOC and when did it begin? VOC was the Dutch East India Company. It began in
1602.
What does it
mean that the VOC became ‘nationalized’? It means that the VOC had gained power
over Indonesia at that time.
What happened
when the VOC became nationalized? And, what was the capital Sunda Kepala
renamed? When the VOC became nationalized, Indonesia’s agricultural products
were forced to be given to the Dutch. And also the capital Sunda Kelapa was
renamed as Batavia.
Who was
Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo and what did he introduce in 1633? Sultan Agung was
an enemy of the Dutch and in 1633 he introduced the calendar of Javanese Islam.
In 1629, what
happened? Who was involved? In 1629, Sultan Agung sent his soldiers to attack
Batavia, but they turned back after seeing the soldiers of Governor General Jan
Peiterszoon Coen.
STOP: Take a moment and think about what you just
read. So far, summarize what has
happened in Indonesia up to the point you have just read. Use complete sentences for this part.
Indonesia was connected to the
mainland Asia in 4 million years BC (Pleistocene period). During this time,
lots of immigrants came to Indonesia, but the first group of people who came to
Indonesia was Sub-Mongoloids from Asia. These migrants had also influenced
Indonesia quite significantly. One of the examples was when the Indian migrants
influenced Hindu religion, monarchy government system, their literature, music,
dances, architecture and housings, rituals and religious application, ancientry
system, military soldiers organization and laborers division in Indonesia.
Because the first religion that came
to Indonesia was Hindu, there were Hindu kingdoms all over this country. This
is also called as the period of Hindu kingdoms. The period of Hindu kingdoms
were from the ancient times and then last in the 16th century AD.
Another dominant religion during this period was the Buddha religion. Ha Fsien
was the first Buddhist who came to Indonesia. He went to Indonesia also just
because of an accident. He was caught in a storm during his trip from China.
Also, there are some other people that came to Indonesia; one of them is
Ptolemy of Alexandria. Ptolemy of Alexandria said good things about Indonesia.
He said Indonesia have a good governmental system, agriculture, knowledge of
astronomy and navigational skills. He also mentioned about batik and metal ware.
So, overall from this period, there are Hindu and Buddha kingdom as those
religions are the first one that came and influenced Indonesia, and they had
left some effects to our country, Indonesia.
After this period, came another
period called the period of Islamic kingdoms. In this period of time, most of
the Buddha and Hindu kingdoms converted their religions into Islam. One of the
kingdoms that ended just because of this powerful spread of religion is the
kingdom of Majapahit. Even Sunda Kelapa, the capital of the West Java Kingdom
of Pajajaran (now known as Jakarta) had also been influenced by the Islamic
religion.
When this period had end, came the
Portuguese to Indonesia in the year of 1511. At this time, the influence of the
Christian religion is spreading; specifically they spread to the islands of
Minahasa and Moluccas. During this time too, the Timor was divided into two.
This was because the desire of the Dutch and Portuguese to have their own land
that they could rule with their full authorities. Dutch got the western part of
Timor and Portuguese controls the eastern part of Timor until the Portuguese
left in 1975.
And this is the time when Dutch
began colonizing Indonesia. It started in the year 1602. Dutch’s purpose to
colonize Indonesia is also to gain profit Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) from
Indonesia’s merchandise. When the Dutch took over Indonesia, Indonesia’s
agricultural products were forced to be given to the Dutch, and also the
capital Sunda Kelapa was renamed to Batavia. There was actually a planned
attack from Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo, an enemy of the Dutch but they turned
back because of the troops of Governor General Jan Pieterszoon Coen. Sultan
Agung is also the person who introduced Indonesian people of Javanese Islamic
calendar in the year 1633.
What is the
“divide and rule” tactic? What was it
used for? The “divide and rule” tactic was to divide the parts of land and rule
them individually so the ruler can organize the country and make sure that
every part of the country is doing it. This “divide and rule” tactic was also
carried out to paralyzed inter-island trade.
List two
rulers who waged war against the Dutch in the 17th C. What were the results?
-
Prince
Trunojoyo
o
He
lost and was killed in 1680.
-
Sultan
Hasanuddin
o
He
lost the war and then made into a servant of the VOC in 1667.
What did the
Dutch carry out the ‘Hongi’ expeditions? In the Dutch’s Hongi expedition, they
burnt down the clove garden.
What happened
in 1740 in Jakarta? Ten thousand Chinese people were killed because of their
rebellion towards the Dutch.
What
principalities was Mataram divided into under the VOC? Principalities of
Yogyakarta and Surakarta.
What happened
to the VOC in December 1799? VOC was in a bankruptcy because of mismanagement and
corruption. And so, it was taken over by the Dutch Administration.
British
Temporary Rule
The British
took over in 1811 – 1816, but they came to Indonesia in 1814.
Who was
appointed Lieutenant Governor General of Java during the British rule? Sir Thomas
Stanford Raffles
What did
Raffles do while he was Gov. General? List several.
-
Introduced
some of the self-government system
-
Take
out slavery trade system
-
Introduced
land-tenure system
What book did
he write while here? The History of Java
What war (named
after its famous French general) was also the end of the British rule on the
islands? When was this? Napoleonic wars.
1811.
Return of the Dutch
Who was
Thomas Matulessy? (You will need to
‘google’ more information about him).
Thomas Matulessy, also known as
Pattimura was a person from the Moluccas that rebels against the Dutch. He was
born in the year 1783. He had once attack the Dutch in 1817 in Saparua,
Moluccas and won over them. Thomas Matulessy succeeded to take over the Dutch’s
base in the Saparua for three months until he was caught and sentenced to
death. He died on the 16th of December 1817 by a punishment for him
to be hung.
List some of
the revolts against the Dutch:
-
Prince
of Diponegoro of Mataram
-
Tuanku
Imam Bonjol
-
Teuku
Umar
-
King
Udayana
STOP: Why do you think there were so many revolts
during this era?
I
think there were so many revolts during this era because Indonesian wants their
country to be independent. They don’t want their country to be exploited by
other countries. Also, maybe they had already been tired of those exploitations
and that’s why they made a move to try to make Indonesia independent.
EmoticonEmoticon